Question 1

What is an arborist report and when do I need one?

Accepted Answer

An arborist report is a professional document prepared by a qualified arborist that provides a detailed assessment of tree condition, health, and structural integrity. It typically includes tree identification, measurements, health evaluation, risk assessment, and specific recommendations. You may need an arborist report when: applying for council permission to prune or remove trees; submitting a development application that may impact trees; addressing concerns about potentially hazardous trees; seeking professional advice on tree management; resolving tree-related disputes with neighbours; supporting insurance claims for tree damage; or providing evidence for legal matters involving trees. Most Sydney councils require formal arborist reports as part of their tree management permit processes and for development applications where trees are present on or adjacent to the site.

Question 2

What qualifications should an arborist have to write reports for council?

Accepted Answer

For council submissions in Sydney, arborist reports typically need to be prepared by consultants with a minimum AQF Level 5 qualification (Diploma of Arboriculture). Some councils specifically require reports to be written by 'consulting arborists' with demonstrated experience in report writing. Ideally, the arborist should also have professional indemnity insurance, membership in relevant industry organisations such as Arboriculture Australia or the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA), and experience working with local council tree preservation policies. For reports related to development applications, many councils prefer or require authors to have specific experience with AS4970-2009 (Protection of Trees on Development Sites). Our consulting arborists exceed these requirements with tertiary qualifications in arboriculture and extensive experience preparing council-compliant reports throughout Sydney.

Question 3

How long does it take to get an arborist report?

Accepted Answer

Standard arborist reports for tree removal or pruning applications typically take 3-5 business days from inspection to delivery of the finalised report. More complex reports such as development impact assessments or detailed tree protection plans may take 5-10 business days depending on the number of trees and complexity of the project. If you have urgent requirements, we offer priority service options with expedited turnaround times, though these are subject to our current schedule and availability. The overall timeline includes booking the site inspection (usually available within 2-3 business days), conducting the assessment, and preparing the comprehensive report. We always aim to accommodate urgent situations where possible, so please let us know if you're working with a critical deadline.

Question 4

What information do you need from me to prepare an arborist report?

Accepted Answer

To prepare a comprehensive arborist report, we typically need: your contact details and property address; clear indication of which trees you're concerned about (marked on a plan or described by location); specific objectives or concerns related to the trees; information about any planned development or construction; any relevant council correspondence or previous tree applications; survey plans if available (particularly important for development applications); and access arrangements for the property inspection. For development-related reports, we also require development plans showing proposed structures in relation to trees. Having this information ready helps us tailor the report precisely to your needs and ensures we address all relevant considerations for your specific situation.

Question 5

Will an arborist report guarantee council approval for tree removal?

Accepted Answer

While a professional arborist report significantly strengthens your application, it cannot guarantee council approval for tree removal. Council decisions are based on their specific tree preservation policies and must balance various considerations including tree preservation objectives. However, a comprehensive arborist report from our consulting arborists will provide an objective, expert assessment that clearly documents any legitimate reasons for removal such as structural defects, poor health, inappropriate species, or unreasonable impact on infrastructure. Our reports are specifically structured to address relevant council criteria and provide the technical evidence required to support valid removal applications. If removal approval is unlikely, we'll advise you honestly and may recommend alternative management options that could satisfy both your concerns and council requirements.

Question 6

How do you assess if a tree is dangerous?

Accepted Answer

We assess tree risk through a systematic process following industry best practices and methodologies such as the International Society of Arboriculture's Tree Risk Assessment Qualification (TRAQ) procedure. This involves: detailed visual inspection of the tree's crown, trunk, and root areas; identification of any defects, disease, or structural weaknesses; evaluation of the tree's overall health and vigour; assessment of the site context and potential targets; consideration of site-specific factors like soil conditions and exposure; analysis of the likelihood of failure; and evaluation of the potential consequences of failure. For trees with suspected internal defects, we may recommend advanced testing methods such as resistograph drilling or sonic tomography. This comprehensive approach allows us to quantify risk objectively and recommend appropriate mitigation measures proportional to the identified risk level.

Question 7

What types of testing can be done to assess tree stability?

Accepted Answer

We utilise several advanced testing methods to objectively assess tree stability beyond visual inspection: resistograph testing uses micro-drilling technology to detect internal decay and cavities while causing minimal damage; sonic tomography creates cross-sectional images of the trunk's internal structure using sound waves to map decay and hollows; pull testing measures a tree's anchorage strength by applying measured forces and recording movement; ground-penetrating radar can be used to map root distribution and identify potential root issues below ground; and electrical resistance tomography measures moisture content variations that can indicate decay. We select the most appropriate testing methods based on the specific concerns, tree species, and suspected issues, always prioritising non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques that provide reliable data while preserving tree health.

Question 8

How accurate is tree risk assessment?

Accepted Answer

Tree risk assessment is highly effective at identifying existing defects and evaluating current conditions, but it cannot predict with absolute certainty when or if a tree will fail. The accuracy depends on several factors: the methodology used (we employ industry-standard protocols like TRAQ and QTRA); the arborist's qualifications and experience; the tools and technology employed; and the thoroughness of the assessment process. By using qualified arborists with extensive experience and advanced diagnostic tools, we maximise assessment accuracy. We express risk in terms of probability rather than certainty, providing likelihood ratings that help property owners make informed decisions. While no risk assessment can predict the future with perfect accuracy, professional assessments significantly reduce uncertainty by identifying and quantifying specific risk factors based on current observable evidence.

Question 9

Can you detect internal tree decay that isn't visible externally?

Accepted Answer

Yes, we can detect internal decay that shows no external symptoms using specialised diagnostic equipment. Our primary methods include: resistograph testing, which uses a micro-drill to measure wood density variations and detect internal decay patterns; sonic tomography, which creates cross-sectional images of the trunk's internal structure by measuring sound wave transmission through wood; and electrical resistance tomography, which maps moisture variations within the trunk that can indicate decay pockets. These technologies allow us to quantify the extent of internal decay, determine remaining sound wood walls, and assess structural implications without causing significant harm to the tree. Early detection of internal decay is particularly valuable for managing high-value trees or those in high-occupancy areas, as it allows for informed risk management decisions before external symptoms become apparent.

Question 10

What does a tree risk assessment report include?

Accepted Answer

Our tree risk assessment reports include several key components: detailed tree identification and dimensions; comprehensive condition analysis covering health and structural attributes; specific defect identification and severity ratings; target analysis identifying potential impact zones; likelihood of failure assessments based on observed defects; consequence of failure evaluations; overall risk ratings using standardised methodologies; photographic documentation of trees and significant defects; specific recommendations for risk mitigation measures; prioritisation guidelines for implementing recommendations; and timeframes for any recommended follow-up assessments. For assessments involving instrumental testing, we include detailed results interpretation with graphical representations where appropriate. All reports are prepared to professional standards suitable for insurance, council, and legal purposes when required.

Question 11

What is a tree protection plan and when do I need one?

Accepted Answer

A tree protection plan is a comprehensive document that specifies measures to protect trees during construction or development activities. It typically includes the identification of Tree Protection Zones (TPZs), protective fencing specifications, permitted and prohibited activities, and construction methodologies to minimise impacts. You generally need a tree protection plan when undertaking development that may impact trees identified for retention, either on your property or on neighbouring properties. Most Sydney councils require formal tree protection plans as part of development applications or construction certificates when significant trees are present on or adjacent to development sites. Our consulting arborists can determine your specific requirements based on your development plans and local council regulations.

Question 12

What is included in a tree protection plan?

Accepted Answer

Our comprehensive tree protection plans typically include: detailed tree inventory with condition assessment; clearly calculated and mapped Tree Protection Zones (TPZs) and Structural Root Zones (SRZs) in accordance with AS4970-2009; specific protective fencing requirements with illustrations and material specifications; clearly defined permitted and prohibited activities within TPZs; specialised construction methodologies for work near protected trees; ground protection specifications where access through TPZs is unavoidable; staging of protection measures throughout the project; monitoring and reporting protocols; and site-specific protection measures tailored to your particular development and tree species. All plans are formatted to satisfy council requirements for development approval and provide clear guidance for contractors working on the site.

Question 13

How are Tree Protection Zones (TPZs) calculated?

Accepted Answer

Tree Protection Zones (TPZs) are calculated according to the methodology specified in Australian Standard AS4970-2009 (Protection of Trees on Development Sites). The primary formula calculates the TPZ as 12 times the Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) of the tree, measured at 1.4 metres above ground level. For example, a tree with a trunk diameter of 40cm would have a TPZ radius of 4.8 metres from the centre of the trunk. However, this calculation may be adjusted based on factors such as tree species, age, health, soil type, and site constraints. Our arborists apply these calculations precisely while also considering the specific characteristics of each tree to ensure appropriate protection while balancing practical construction requirements.

Question 14

Can construction occur within a Tree Protection Zone?

Accepted Answer

While the ideal scenario is to avoid any encroachment into Tree Protection Zones (TPZs), minor encroachment is sometimes unavoidable in constrained sites. Australian Standard AS4970-2009 generally allows for up to 10% encroachment into the TPZ without requiring detailed root investigation, provided certain conditions are met and compensatory protection measures are implemented. For encroachments greater than 10%, more detailed assessment is required to determine tree viability. Our tree protection plans specify precisely how construction can safely occur near TPZs through methods such as pier and beam footings, suspended slabs, hand excavation techniques, root mapping, and appropriate root pruning protocols. We work closely with designers and contractors to develop practical solutions that satisfy both tree protection requirements and construction needs.

Question 15

Do you provide supervision services for tree protection implementation?

Accepted Answer

Yes, we offer comprehensive supervision services to ensure tree protection measures are correctly implemented and maintained throughout the construction process. These services include: pre-commencement site meetings and contractor inductions; supervision of protective fencing installation; regular compliance inspections at critical construction stages; supervision of excavation within or near TPZs; guidance on appropriate construction techniques near trees; assessment of any unexpected tree impacts during construction; liaison with council tree officers during site inspections; and certification of compliance for occupation certificate requirements. Many councils now require documented arborist supervision as a condition of development approval, and our project arborist services provide this ongoing support to ensure both compliance and effective tree preservation.

Question 16

What is a project arborist and when do I need one?

Accepted Answer

A project arborist is a qualified arboricultural consultant who specialises in tree protection during construction and development projects. They provide ongoing supervision, monitoring, and advice throughout all project stages to ensure trees identified for retention remain viable and protected. You'll typically need a project arborist when your development consent conditions include requirements for tree protection and arboricultural supervision. Most Sydney councils now require formal arborist supervision as a condition of consent for developments near significant trees, with specific requirements for inspection frequency, documentation, and certification at critical stages of the project. Even when not mandated, engaging a project arborist is highly recommended for any construction work occurring near valuable trees to prevent damage, avoid costly delays, and ensure proper tree protection implementation.

Question 17

What qualifications should a project arborist have?

Accepted Answer

A project arborist should hold a minimum AQF Level 5 qualification (Diploma of Arboriculture) with specific experience in construction site tree protection. For major developments, councils often specifically require a 'Level 5 Consulting Arborist' to undertake supervision roles. Beyond formal qualifications, the ideal project arborist should have substantial experience with construction projects, a thorough understanding of AS4970-2009 (Protection of Trees on Development Sites), familiarity with local council requirements, and practical knowledge of construction techniques and their potential impacts on trees. Our project arborists at Sydney Arborist Solutions hold tertiary qualifications in arboriculture along with extensive construction site experience across residential, commercial, and infrastructure projects throughout Sydney.

Question 18

How often does a project arborist need to visit the site?

Accepted Answer

The frequency of project arborist site visits depends on several factors including council requirements, project complexity, tree significance, and construction activities. Typically, most projects require: an initial pre-construction inspection to establish and document baseline conditions; supervision during protection measure installation; regular scheduled inspections (commonly monthly but sometimes weekly for sensitive sites); specific inspections at critical construction stages that may impact trees; and a final inspection for certification purposes. Your development consent conditions often specify minimum inspection requirements, but additional site visits may be necessary during high-risk activities near trees. We tailor our inspection schedule to your specific project needs while ensuring all compliance requirements are met.

Question 19

What documentation does a project arborist provide?

Accepted Answer

A project arborist provides comprehensive documentation throughout the construction process, typically including: a pre-construction tree assessment establishing baseline conditions; written verification that tree protection measures have been correctly installed; regular inspection reports documenting tree condition, protection measure integrity, and compliance status; photographic evidence of tree protection at various project stages; specific reports for critical activities such as root pruning or excavation within Tree Protection Zones; compliance certificates for council milestone approvals (such as prior to concrete slab pouring or prior to occupation); and final tree condition assessment and compliance certification for occupation certificate requirements. All documentation is formatted to specifically address your development consent conditions and provide clear evidence of compliance for council submission.

Question 20

How does a project arborist help with council approvals?

Accepted Answer

A project arborist plays a crucial role in facilitating council approvals throughout the development process by providing formal documentation confirming compliance with tree protection conditions. Many councils require specific arborist certifications at key project milestones before allowing work to proceed to the next stage. Most significantly, occupation certificates often cannot be issued without formal arborist certification that all tree protection requirements have been met throughout construction. Our project arborists understand the specific requirements of Sydney councils and provide properly formatted documentation that streamlines the approval process. Beyond formal documentation, we maintain positive relationships with council tree officers and can liaise directly with them to address any concerns that arise during construction.

Question 21

How often should mature trees be professionally inspected?

Accepted Answer

Mature trees should ideally be professionally inspected at least every 2-3 years under normal conditions. However, certain circumstances warrant more frequent inspections, including: after severe storms or high wind events; when visible defects or health issues become apparent; if construction activity has occurred near the tree; for trees with a history of pest or disease issues; and for trees that have been previously treated or pruned for structural concerns. High-value specimen trees or those in high-traffic areas may benefit from annual inspections. Regular professional assessment allows early detection of developing issues, often allowing for more cost-effective treatments and avoiding potentially hazardous conditions. Our arborists can establish a customised inspection schedule based on your specific tree species, age, condition, and site factors.

Question 22

What are the signs that a tree may be dangerous?

Accepted Answer

Several key indicators suggest a tree might pose a safety risk: visible large dead branches or extensive dieback in the crown; leaning that has developed recently or is worsening over time; multiple trunks with included bark or visible splitting; large cavities or extensive decay in the trunk; significant root damage or visible fungal growth around the base; cracks or splits in the trunk or major branches; soil heaving or cracking around the root zone; extensive foliage discolouration outside normal seasonal changes; and previous branch failures. While a single symptom doesn't necessarily indicate imminent danger, the presence of multiple issues increases risk. If you notice any concerning symptoms, we recommend a professional risk assessment to determine the tree's actual condition and appropriate management options.

Question 23

What types of pruning are recommended for mature trees?

Accepted Answer

For mature trees, we recommend specific pruning approaches that maintain tree health while addressing safety concerns: crown cleaning to remove dead, diseased, or broken branches; selective crown thinning to reduce end-weight on heavy limbs while maintaining the tree's natural form; crown raising to provide appropriate clearance for buildings, vehicles, or pedestrians; and reduction pruning to manage size when necessary while preserving the tree's structural integrity. All pruning should conform to Australian Standard AS4373-2007 (Pruning of Amenity Trees), which provides guidelines for maintaining tree health and structure. We strongly advise against practices such as lopping, topping, or excessive crown reduction, which can create safety hazards and damage long-term tree health. Our qualified arborists can recommend the most appropriate pruning strategy based on your tree's species, condition, and specific requirements.

Question 24

How do I know if my tree has a disease or pest problem?

Accepted Answer

Common indicators of tree disease or pest problems include: unusual leaf discolouration, spotting, or distortion; premature leaf drop or thinning canopy; visible fungal structures (mushrooms, conks, or bracket fungi) on the trunk or major roots; weeping or oozing from the trunk; unusual cracks or cankers in the bark; evidence of boring insects such as fine sawdust or small holes; significant dieback of branches or twigs; and abnormal growth patterns or swellings. Different tree species are susceptible to specific pests and diseases, so accurate identification of the problem requires consideration of both the symptoms and the tree species. If you notice concerning symptoms, we recommend prompt professional assessment, as early intervention is often more effective and less costly. Our arborists can identify specific issues and recommend appropriate treatment strategies specific to Sydney's climate and common local tree problems.

Question 25

Can you save a tree that has been damaged by storms?

Accepted Answer

Yes, many storm-damaged trees can be successfully saved with proper arboricultural intervention, depending on the extent and type of damage. Trees with primarily crown damage but intact main structure often recover well with appropriate pruning to remove damaged limbs and restore balance. Even trees with significant structural damage sometimes can be preserved through advanced techniques such as cabling, bracing, or selective reduction pruning to reduce weight and leverage forces. The recovery potential depends on several factors: the tree's pre-storm health and vigour; the species' natural resilience and compartmentalisation ability; the percentage of crown lost; whether major structural branches remain intact; and whether the root system has been compromised. Post-storm assessment should be conducted promptly to evaluate both visible damage and hidden structural weaknesses. Our arborists can assess storm-damaged trees and recommend appropriate recovery treatments or determine when removal is the safer option.

Frequently Asked Questions

Arborist Reports & Council Requirements